Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis by promoting glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells and by reducing glucose production in the liver. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue secretory molecule that plays an important role in anti-inflammation and anti-insulin resistance. Insulin and adiponectin exert their functions by binding to their respective membrane receptors. In my lecture, I will discuss the signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor and the adiponectin receptor. I will also discuss the mechanisms regulating the activities and function of these signaling pathways.